Internet Fraud an Overview of Classifications, Government...

Internet Fraud: An Overview of Classifications, Government Actions, and Consumer Protection December 14, 2006 Internet Fraud: An Overview of Classifications, Governmental Actions, and Consumer Protection Internet fraud is an increasing threat to our technological society, which thrives on the advances and benefits of the Internet and e-commerce. With the increased growth and dependence of the Internet, creative individuals have found ways of conveying fraudulent schemes as legitimate goods and services. Not only does Internet fraud cause harm to individuals and institutions, but it also damages the consumer confidence of valid Internet businesses and e-commerce. There are many forms of Internet fraud which Internet patrons need†¦show more content†¦Among the United States, nine percent of complaints were made against parties in California, seven percent against parties in New York, and six percent against parties in Florida. In terms of financial losses, the total loss in 2005 was $13,863,003 which was significantly higher than the $5,787,170 reported losses in 2004. Average individual losses also increased from $895 in 2004 to $1,917 in 2005. Overall, the number of sca ms reported rose by twelve percent from 2004 to 2005 for Internet fraud. Internet Fraud Classifications Fraudulent online auctions scams are those that typically offer high-end retail goods to customers via online auction houses, yet deliver nothing or counterfeit items to the customer who purchased the item. Most online auction sites specialize in person to person activity where individual sellers or small businesses sell their items directly to consumers. In these auctions the seller, not the site, has the merchandise and often the site will not take responsibility for any problems that may arise between buyers and sellers. On the other hand, general merchandise retail scams occur when fraudulent parties create fake websites, which look legitimate, and sell retail goods to customers but deliver nothing or counterfeited items upon purchase. Online auction scams and general merchandise scams were among the most frequently reported type of Internet fraudShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Efforts to Regulate the Internet5321 Words   |  22 PagesThe Efforts to Regulate the Internet Abstract â€Å"Cyberspace is both the popular medias new darling and new demon, revealing a new, expansive intellectual horizon but simultaneously providing easy access to an infinite, virtual Pandoras box† [1]. This paper shall discuss the situations that have raised the need for the Internet regulations, and in particular, Internet content censorship. Then, it shall review the regulatory efforts worldwide, with respect to the local cultures and governmentalRead MoreSector Briefing : Dtl Power Corporation7811 Words   |  32 PagesIntroduction Our society today is ever more dependent upon electricity in all aspects of life. Keeping the power infrastructure throughout the United States secure and functioning properly should be considered a high priority for both private sector and government. Lacking properly functioning power caused by an outage has widespread impact not just on common conveniences being unavailable but also on critical areas such as emergency services, transportation, water distribution, communication and food productionRead MoreSmall Scale Industry10786 Words   |  44 Pagesbuildings have been the primary criteria to differentiate the small-scale industries from the large and medium scale industries. 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The Sociological Imagination And Me Essay - 1343 Words

The Sociological Imagination and Me Charles Wright Mills was a writer, a researcher, a teacher, a scholar and a well known sociologist. He was the author of the 1959 book, The Sociological Imagination. This book was poorly received by the sociological community at first, but it is one of the most widely read sociological texts today. The Sociological Imagination and Mills’ other works have had an immense impact on sociology, as he influenced many other scholars and the â€Å"New Left† movement of the 1960s. Overall, it is clear that The Sociological Imagination has great academic significance. In this essay, I will use Mills’ conception of the sociological imagination to analyze my own biography. Initially, I will explain what Mills means by the sociological imagination and explain his distinction between personal troubles and public issues. Next, I will use my sociological imagination to reflect on my personal biography. I will take an issue, incident, or circumstance from my own experience and demonstrate how it could be understood as a product of social and historical forces. I will use Mills’ conception of personal troubles and public issues to explain my own biographical detail socially. Lastly, I will explain the interplay between personal troubles and public issues. The Sociological Imagination is not just a title of a book, it is a complicated, multi-faceted, sociological concept. In the book, Mills argues that personal troubles and public issues can be linkedShow MoreRelatedMy Sociological Imagination Started Influencing Me A Lot1266 Words   |  6 PagesThe term â€Å"Sociological Imagination† can be defined in various contexts and in different ways depending on the situation and surroundings. According to most researchers, the definition of the term varies from case to case. Due to different scenarios and observations, most researchers have failed to apply a single definition of the term. However, after studying a number of cases, there is a general definition that we can associate to this term, i.e. the interaction of one’s mind and its experiencesRead MoreApplying My Sociological Imagination Permits Me From Saigon City, Vietnam Essay2172 Words   |  9 Pagesaffected by numerous complex sociological factors before I am tak ing Sociology. I understand now that using my sociological imagination permits me to interface my own encounters, practices, and behaviors to the bigger social structure. A portion of the sociological topics that show in my life are the means by which ethnocentrism, social mobility, Cooley’s looking-glass self theory, minority group,peer group, and social institution have assumed a part in adding to my sociological autobiography. I thoughtRead MoreEssay on The Sociological Imagination1389 Words   |  6 PagesMy personal condensed definition of â€Å"the sociological imagination† is that it is the idea one should be aware of the societal structures around themselves, and how those structures can influence a person and vice-versa. In addition, I think that having a â€Å"sociological imagination† also involves a deep appreciation for the importance of society and culture. Consequently, for a person that has completed a basic introduction to sociology college course and actually paid attention, I would hope thatRead MoreLiving As Woman And A Muslim Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica The term sociological imagination was a concept constructed by the American Sociologist C. Wright Mills in 1959 to describe the ability to understand how our lives are affected by the historical and sociological changes around us. In order to possess the knowledge of sociological imagination, we should be able to pull away from the current situation and be able to look and think from a different perspective. C. Wright Mills defined his concept of sociological imagination as â€Å"...the vividRead MoreI See Myself Fitting Into Society As An Intermediate Member988 Words   |  4 Pagesan intermediate member. I haven’t reached my end goal in terms of career, but I still am a member of the work force. My job may not be my end goal, but it is still a contributing factor in society. I also consider myself a millennial which separates me from older generations. Truthfully where you fit into society is tied to perspective and how you view yourself in comparison to others. As for p roblems that I wish to solve within society they mainly relate to my future career goals. I feel the educationRead MoreSociological Imagination And How Events Affect A Generation s Way Of Thinking1476 Words   |  6 PagesSociological Imagination The sociological imagination is an empathetic approach to understanding an individual by examining their biography (this includes all life experiences and upbringing) as well as the historical events that took place during their lifetime. (Basirico) It was developed by C. Right Mills. Sociological imagination explores how events in history affect a generation s way of thinking. It also takes into perspective the personal biography of an individual that exploits the interworkingRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination, By C. Wright Mills And Allan Johnson1626 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough an individualistic outlook in which society is simply a collection of individuals. However, C. Wright Mills and Allan Johnson disagree and relate the significance of a â€Å"sociological imagination† in connecting one’s experiences and life to a greater social context. According to Mills, the sociological imagination is â€Å"a quality of mind† that allows its possessor to employ information and develop reason in order to establish an understanding and a desire to apprehend the relationship betweenRead MoreThe Sociological Imagination, By C. Write Mills1409 Words   |  6 PagesWhen C. Write Mills talks about the sociological imagination, he is saying that it is the capacity to understand that individual life is complexly intertwined with events and issues present in the world. Sociological imagination can range from subjects as simple and everyday as hygiene, to something more serious such as racism. In terms of hygiene, there has been a rise in amounts of desire for state of the art hand sanitizers in schools, resulting from the Swine Flu epidemic of 2009. Similarly,Read MoreResponse Paper : The Promise1008 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"sociologically right.† The sociological imagination was coined by C. Write Mills. His theory of sociological imagination is that we need to look at things in the big picture. Mills had grown concerned with sociological research. Mills felt that the researchers had gone away from theoretical understanding of society. Mills’s concept was that in order to get a full understanding on an individual we have to use our imaginations and think outside the box. He felt that sociological research need researchersRead MoreEssay on The Sociological Imagination859 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to C. Wright Mills, the sociological imagination is when an individual views his society as the potential cause for his daily successes and failures. Individuals often tend to view their personal issues as social problems and try to connect their individual experiences with the workings of society. Mills believes that this is the way for individuals to gain an understanding of their personal dilemmas. The sociological im agination helps people connect their own problems with public problems

Nothing Gold Can Stay Free Essays

The title of the poem Is metaphorical which, makes comparisons to the young and youth. Gold represents value and wealth. Therefore when it says â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay† it simply that nothing precious or of great value in the materialistic sense can stay forever. We will write a custom essay sample on Nothing Gold Can Stay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gold symbolizes materialism, it would not last for long and it will give a false sense of security and happiness. Gold, which is money based, can take years to accumulate but can be washed away in a millisecond. On the other hand, things that have emotional and sentimental value cannot be bought with Gold and therefore will main throughout one’s entire life. Nature represents the flirts Instance of gold. â€Å"Green is Gold† represents the natural world that is the New England forests Frost loved for most of his life. The color of money is green may also indicative of lifespan of the person in comparison to the seasons. The spring is when everything is new, Green the summer youth hot and passionate, the fall change various emotions, the winter dying death and cold. The birth of the baby Is stunning, their skin is soft they are fragile to hold, they grow so fast, their beauty, and the purity they have Inside Is ere fresh and clean. I remember when I was a kid I would ask my parents questions about everything I saw. All nature was seen too, however as time passed it became normal. As I grew older I gained more knowledge and memory was no longer green. Example, when I was a baby I don’t know how to lie to my parents, to anybody, but growing older learn how to lie and purity was not found again. When you are young, things are great and perfect, nothing to worry about but it Is Impossible to keep that sense of security all the time. It Is a flower that grows from seed, blooms, grows, and after a while it dies. We can also refer to green as it relates to the creation of the world. Everything created by God is green in nature. The green is the symbol of life and prosperity, for example money is green and when nature is described green typically comes to mind. In fact, when you look the green nature, it is pleasing to the eyes. However, due to man’s greed they only see Gold. This Gold Is the first green because all humans care about Is Gold and as a result they are giving It greater importance than nature, our source of life. Being that nature supplied the earth with Gold, man take advantage of it. Then the nature loses its beauty and importance like it does in the morning! Then it turns to the hot, muggy afternoon. â€Å"Her early leafs a flower but only so an hour†. It reminds us of how happy the first human creation of God living in the garden. The new life is so precious like a bud that turns to a beautiful flower, perfumed by Its natural essence yet a certain distraction ruins everything. The word â€Å"Gold† either suggests the early leaf, which lacks sufficient pigment to be completely green, or perhaps a gold as in a golden age, a reality time n one’s life, even gold relating to money, stating the physical component of things, which as the end of the poem suggests, â€Å"Cannot Stay†. The nature of human life begins at a point of greatness in which all potentials represented by the flower’s bud have been met In the open blossom. This point In the lifetimes of all Miming things lasts only at the most an hour. Eden represents the pure world before man was created to name everything, to tend to the animals and to the earth, before he and his wife disobeyed the divine by eating the fruit from the tree of knowledge, thus aiming mortality and opening the doorway into death upon the earth. Eden represents all beginnings, before there was knowledge of decay. Frost uses this element to visualize his idea that all things in nature, including the lives of people, reach a new height before they sink to grief. The poet uses nature as a person which a commonly used term as â€Å"Mother Nature†, and I think the hidden meaning behind this is that the poem he has written carries the same message that has been preached for years, yet no one bothers to follow or listen to. Frost is not being entirely peoples in his poem; he is saying only that it is the â€Å"Gold† in things which cannot last, their brightest. The reality of a human life is only met once and not met again. Purity is lost when knowledge is gained. I think the poem lends a powerful warning to all of us. Recognize what is really important in life, embrace it, and discards everything else. Appreciate every year, month, day, and minute. It is fleeting and we don’t get a do over. Love your fellow man right now, friends, and family. Don’t wait until tomorrow because it may never come. Spend life in the present, not in the past or the future. How to cite Nothing Gold Can Stay, Papers Nothing Gold Can Stay Free Essays Nothing Gold Can Stay The poem â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay† written by Robert Frost tells the story of nature, specifically leaves turning green and then turning old. This poem is an allegory, not only does nature get old but people get old. When people are young they can be described as green or gold. We will write a custom essay sample on Nothing Gold Can Stay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the poem, youth lasts only one hour. The moral of the poem is to stay young as long as you can. My personal interpretation of the poem â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay† is that absolutely nothing can last forever, and in the poem, nature and youth are the two things that are compared. A different perspective of the poems meaning could be about the Garden of Eden that God created for Adam and Eve, but the beautiful garden didn’t last very long. Adam and Eve chose to eat one of the forbidden fruits of the garden, and they were banished. Hence the line â€Å"So Eden sank to grief†. In my opinion, â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay† is an exceptionally written poem. I really enjoy how it has multiple meanings in it (Garden of Eden, Youth, Nature). I think that it is relatively easy to understand and that it has a very good moral to it. Staying young as long as you can is a hard moral to live by because quite often, young people wish they were older. Nature’s first green is gold, Her hardest hue to hold. Her early leaf’s a flower; But only so an hour. Then leaf subsides to leaf. So Eden sank to grief, So dawn goes down to day. Nothing gold can stay. How to cite Nothing Gold Can Stay, Papers

Utopia Narrates Imaginary Society

Question: Discuss about the Utopia Narrates for Imaginary Society. Answer: Introduction: Sir Thomas More in his book Utopia narrates of a society that is ideal in practically every aspect. He describes an imaginary society in which all the communal evils have been alleviated. In the Utopia, the personal appetites are restricted and balanced against the needs of the community as a whole. The ideals propagated by the Utopian society makes it seems good and possible society. For example, people are trained from the infancy that an individual should work for the betterment of the community rather than for selfish reasons of creating personal riches (Logan, p 74). Also, Utopians emphasize on education a right that is basic to every citizen. This emphasizes on education portrays utopia as a good and possible society because it is through education an individual becomes self-actualized and achievements in science and technology attained. Thus, it is possible for every government in the world to offer basic education to its citizens as a fundamental right. Furthermore, in the Utopian society the sick enjoy well-equipped hospitals that are efficient. With the right leadership and efficient systems in place, it is possible to have effective hospitals that offer the much-desired health care. However, capitalistic ideas have led people to think of the world in a more Darwinist point of view (Jameson, p.30). The strong will live on and continue to create more wealth while the weak will grow poor and with time become extinct. The resources utilized to keep the sick alive are considered a waste. Therefore, should be used as a substitute to enhance economic development and to ensure more advancement. The weak and sick are perceived as a problem in the society. The Utopian society, therefore, is good and possible in the sense that one down looks the importance of the other a person on basis of a weakness or sickness. Within the Utopian system, each person is kept alive and cared for in case they are needed for anything. If every person was to e mbrace the Utopian ideals, then it could work to create a just and prosperous society. (Logan and Robert, p.67). Utopian society manifests the concept of human nature by agreeing to the fact that its population is imperfect; the opening assertion of the society is that human nature is characterized by dishonesty and selfishness (More). However, decrees in Utopia are enacted in a way that renders immoral actions ridiculous. Education institutes and every other structure of life in the society are oriented to inculcate in its population the habit of thinking ethically without even inquiring it. Utopia, however, runs on the postulation that people have and will always act in the interest of the community. Regulations and systems facilitate a climate where the best interests of the community as a whole also match to those of the individual. Thomas More being a religious person crafts structures and laws and everyday life of Utopia with the aim of perfecting human nature. Using this organization model he effectively eradicates the seven deadly sins that imprison human nature. As a result of their ab sence Utopian society molds its citizens to be morally upright people who obey the set laws with no resentment. Works Cited Logan, George M., and Robert M. Adams. "More: Utopia." (2016). Print Logan, George M. The Meaning of More's Utopia. Princeton University Press, 2014.Print Jameson, Fredric. "Politics of Utopia." New Left Review 25 (2004): 35.Web More, Thomas. Utopia: A Revised Translation: Backgrounds: Criticism. Ed. Robert M. Adams. WW Norton, 1992.Print.

Slaves In The South Essays - Slavery In The United States, Slavery

Slaves In The South Only a minority of the whites owned slaves, at all times nearly three-fourths of the white families in the South as a whole held no slaves; slave ownership in the South was not widespread; not more than a quarter of the white heads of families were slave owners, and even in the cotton states the proportion was less than one-third; in 1850, only one in three owned any Negroes; on the eve of the Civil War, the ration was one in four; and slave owners probably made up less than a third of southern whites. From the US History textbooks in an elementary school to the Civil War journals of a major university, these lines are reprinted and repeated in an attempt to shape the perception of the public and to ease the insecurities of a nation embarrassed by slavery, an institution that supposedly marred its glorious history, or so says Otto H. Olsen. In an article that appears in the journal of Civil War History of 1972 entitled, Historians and the Extent of Slave Ownership in the Southern Uni ted States Olsen attempts to challenge the widely accepted notion that slave ownership was confined to only a few southern white plantation owners and that most of the white population was unaffected by it. The author spends nearly half of his thirty-seven paragraph article displaying the past and present attitudes of the general population through several case studies which he lists chronologically and explains in brief detail. He tries to discredit a handful of them while, at the same time, injecting his own views. In an attempt to persuade the reader he sets up his side of the debate by citing a few case studies that promote his hypothesis and concludes by relating some of his own opinions and findings including a study where he makes a seemingly strong comparison between those of the population who invested in the slave labor market in 1850 and those who invested in the stock market in 1949. In the first half of the article Olsen sets up the arguments he is going to challenge by showing what historians from the antebellum US through the present, believed the distribution of slaves in the South to be, and also by showing the supposed economic and political effects of this distribution. He focuses heavily on the numbers and percentages of white slave owners and the sometimes relaxed, even incorrect manner in which they were accepted. He cites a study done by Allan Nevins in which Nevins says that, of the 6,184,477 white folk in the slave States, only 347,525 were listed by the census of 1850 as owners. Nevins then adds family members of slave owning families and other workers involved and states that the final number of whites directly involved with slavery probably did not exceed 2,000,000. If so, not one-third of the population of the South and border States had any direct interest in slavery as a form of property. Olsen uses two more studies to show that these numbers, or very slight variations, are widely accepted and concedes that they are probably corr ect, but he disagrees with the treatment these statistics have been given. In what could easily be his thesis statement he says, Although the constant conclusion has been that the number of whites owning slaves was remarkably small and that the South was therefore an unusually oligarchical society, the comparative basis for such a judgment has never been firmly established. Instead, that judgment appears to have rested primarily upon a moral repugnance toward slavery. He then begins to investigate the prevailing attitude toward slavery in the past as well as the attitude of historians in the 20th century. Olsen blames the antebellum antislavery movement for the origin of the accusations that southern slavery was politically and economically oligharchical. A prime example is the viewpoint of the Republican party. In a speech to the people of the United States in 1856 the address asserted that non-slaveholders in the South were reduced to a vassalage little less degrading than that of the slaves themselvesalthough the white population of the slaveholding States is more than six million, of whom but 347,525, or less

Free Essays on The Three-Legged Stool

The Three-Legged Stool The book ‘The Three-Legged Stool’ by Ronald S. Boreham, clearly explained the philosophy for managing a company. The book had offered a different technique to evaluate company success. Author had also clearly proved his point by providing examples of successful companies like Wal-Mart. The book focuses on balancing the three important constituencies of any business –customers, employees and owners. Book also focuses on relationships with suppliers. There are many companies out there that are missing this balance. I totally agree with each and every detail provided in this book. Relationship is completely made of trust. Customers should always be portrayed as people instead of numbers, knowing more about a customer than a competition is an important key to maintain an existing customer. I also liked the guidelines to evaluate the customer, also always believed in face to face contact with customer. If the employer has nothing to hide then employees will feel important. A little attempt made to get an employee opinion can bring in great deal of success. I always believed in open door policies which doesn’t only mean to visit the supervisor but by telephone, letter, email etc. Many companies today are missing employee survey, which in my view is dropping the communication ball. I also liked the misconceptions and myths book had described. Good long term relationships with owners and shareholders are also extremely important. When such good relations are enjoyed any temporary bad news are correctly viewed in people’s minds. A good balance between shareholders and employees is extremely important. An interesting aspect of the book was relationships with suppliers. Due to heavy competition companies these days are neglecting this relationship. A relationship with Supplier is nothing but a win-win situation. It brings out new ideas and creativity along with value. In conclusion the book had laid out a g... Free Essays on The Three-Legged Stool Free Essays on The Three-Legged Stool The Three-Legged Stool The book ‘The Three-Legged Stool’ by Ronald S. Boreham, clearly explained the philosophy for managing a company. The book had offered a different technique to evaluate company success. Author had also clearly proved his point by providing examples of successful companies like Wal-Mart. The book focuses on balancing the three important constituencies of any business –customers, employees and owners. Book also focuses on relationships with suppliers. There are many companies out there that are missing this balance. I totally agree with each and every detail provided in this book. Relationship is completely made of trust. Customers should always be portrayed as people instead of numbers, knowing more about a customer than a competition is an important key to maintain an existing customer. I also liked the guidelines to evaluate the customer, also always believed in face to face contact with customer. If the employer has nothing to hide then employees will feel important. A little attempt made to get an employee opinion can bring in great deal of success. I always believed in open door policies which doesn’t only mean to visit the supervisor but by telephone, letter, email etc. Many companies today are missing employee survey, which in my view is dropping the communication ball. I also liked the misconceptions and myths book had described. Good long term relationships with owners and shareholders are also extremely important. When such good relations are enjoyed any temporary bad news are correctly viewed in people’s minds. A good balance between shareholders and employees is extremely important. An interesting aspect of the book was relationships with suppliers. Due to heavy competition companies these days are neglecting this relationship. A relationship with Supplier is nothing but a win-win situation. It brings out new ideas and creativity along with value. In conclusion the book had laid out a g...

Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Managment - Essay Example The organization was founded to exploit the gap between fast food restaurants and full table service restaurants. The organization does not provide full table services but offers better services compared to fast food establishments. 2. How rapid was the growth of your organization, and what problems did it encounter while it grew? Describe the passage through the stages outlined in Greiner’s model. How did managers deal with crisis it encountered as it grew? The growth of the Chipotle shows that the organization established in 1993 has rapidly grown to be among the most profitable organizations in the global market. The revenue earned by the organization has almost grown by three times since 2006. The problem Chipotle has experienced during its growth stage has been competition from other organizations in the restaurant business. Greiner’s model evaluates growth of the organization through a series of five stages. The first stage is growth through creativity where the organization is unique. The second stage is growth though direction where the organization grows by focusing on its products, then there is growth through delegation. The forth stage is growth trough coordination and the last stage is growth through collaboration as the organization expands its operations. The managers dealt with the problem of competition by increasing awareness by advertising the organization (Jones & Gareth 315). The growth stage that Chipotle is currently experiencing can be described as the growth through delegation stage. The organization has growth over a relatively short time increasing the number of outlets. The external problems facing the organization include competition from other players in the food industry and the changes in the economy which has reduced the overall sales. Internal problems include maintaining consistency over all the outlets to maintain the culture of the organization.

Lifelong Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Lifelong Learning - Essay Example Discussion about interventions in exceptional learners and young students with disabilities followed. Expected outcomes of programs are also given much emphasis on the following paragraph. In the end, an individualized program is called for when it comes to children with developmental disabilities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are developmental tasks and milestones indicated for each phase of a child’s life. These are benchmarks by which a child’s development can be compared to and assessed against to know whether he is on the right track or not. Parents may become worried when they see other children’s behaviors and actions and see that they are different and way advanced from that of their child. This is where assessment and early diagnosis becomes a necessity. Consequently, early diagnosis leads to early intervention, the initiation of lifelong learning. Whether a child be cognitively challenged or an exceptional learner, his education must be patterned to suit his needs and capacities.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Developmental disorders as an umbrella term encompass many conditions, such as, cognitive challenge, pervasive developmental disorders and specific developmental disorders. Motor skills and communication disorders are also included.   Developmental appraisal, which plays a salient role in the assessment, largely depends on developmental history supplied by the parent and other assessment areas will be from the observation of the child with specific criteria in mind (Pilletteri, 2007). Parents will be asked to give a description and approximate the age of which the child has performed a certain act or skill, like his first step taken or first word uttered. More than asking for the firsts, it is of equal importance to ask when the child was able to sit without support, transfer a toy form one hand to another, etc. The latter may prove to be a feat for the parents, but pictures that may remind them and

Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection - Term Paper Example With the advances in medical science, perinatal HIV-1 transmission rates in the United States have decreased strikingly due to an amalgamation of suitable measures taken; encompassing improved voluntary counseling and HIV-1 testing (VCT) for pregnant women, prevalent use of antiretroviral prophylaxis or combination of antiretroviral therapy, avoidance of breastfeeding, and elective cesarean delivery (Shetty, 2005). In some cases the preventive measures are not seriously taken and these missed opportunities are responsible for 300 to 400 HIV- 1 infected infants, born annually. It is the sole responsibility of the pediatrician to prevent perinatal transmission of HIV-1 by finding out newborns born to infected mothers. These mothers are not tested during pregnancy. Pediatrician must administer antiretroviral prophylaxis, and ensure follow-up to verify or eliminate the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in early infancy (Shetty, 2005). Estimates of the number of children infected with HIV in t he United States range from 10,000 to 20,000. Nearly all (90%) new HIV infections in children result from perinatal transmission. The overall incidence of perinatally acquired AIDS cases declined by 67% from 1992 through 1997 (Priority: HIV and AIDS). It is manifested that number of perinatally acquired cases increased each year between 1984 and 1992, the current results reveal the decrease in the statistics not only in terms of number of new cases but also a reversal of the previous cases (Priority: HIV and AIDS). Decline in perinatal transmission are attributed largely to the combined effect of both increased counseling and testing for HIV infection prenatally and the use of zidovudine (ZDV) therapy during pregnancy among HIV-infected women (Lindegren, 1999). The AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) 076 trial demonstrated that ZDV therapy reduced perinatal transmission from 25.5% to 8.3%. it is also manifested that Standard therapy defined by the US Public Health Service (USPHS) emph asize upon oral administration of ZDV to the mother in the prenatal period, intravenous administration of ZDV during the intrapartum period, and oral administration of ZDV to the newborn (Mofenson, 1999). More effective counseling and testing prenatally makes it possible for a greater number of women and infants to benefit from antiretroviral therapy. It is observed that, some women still do not receive antiretroviral therapy during the antepartum period as recommended, it is therefore essential that the treatment schedule of - before, during, and after delivery of the ACTG protocol must be strictly followed to reduce the perinatal HIV infection, a noteworthy declines in perinatal transmission were examined since 1995 due to the speedy integration of this regimen into clinical practice (Mofenson, 1999). Healthy People 2010 Baselines and Targets for HIV/AIDS has included objective no. 13.17 for reducing new AIDS cases of perinatally acquired HIV infection to reduce the rate of infant mortality (Priority: HIV and AIDS). The table in the appendix indicates trends in AIDS and HIV cases in newborns for the years 1999-2003 in Chautauqua County. The rate is diminishing, indicates that over the period the number of newborns with HIV has reduced (Priority: HIV and AIDS). According to the Health People 2010 Initiative, 50% of HIV

Quality Management Models Analysis: Philips

Quality Management Models Analysis: Philips Introduction: Technology in modern times has been one of the fastest growing industries, with its impact to overall life conditions to human being. Improvement of the existing automotives, discovery of new materials and features has leaded to introduction of different machines and electronics that is being widely used in daily basis, and life would seem to be miserable without them. Turning back to centuries ago, one may ask how the predecessors have lived and learned without the smart technique, now being part of our life. But one should not forget that it is human being who has created the luxury of having the technique being around to serve the requirements and make the life of us easier. Project has been assigned to review the Business Excellence model adopted by Philips Electronics, highlighting the role of the staff and management in achieving it, known as Business Excellence through Speed and Teamwork (BEST). The abovementioned matter will be reviewed in the first paragraph, being followed by an analysis of BEST as complementary to quality model in the next one. I will shed light on the success of the model and provide comparative application of the model to the case of bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd., to discuss the possible outcomes in the third paragraph, followed by conclusion on the outcomes of analysis. Philips Electronics: Review of Quality Management System Background: The corporate slogan of Philips nowadays state we (Philips) aim to improve the quality of peoples lives through the timely delivery of meaningful innovations delivered with the promise of sense and simplicity (Annual report, 2009). The slogan has been strong attraction of the value company provide to its stakeholder as well as the process itself keeping the control of time and delivery. The commitment of the company has been displayed in the philosophy of 4 Ds: Delight customers through exceeding their expectation by product and services; Deliver great results raising the quality of provided product and services; Develop people continuous learning and development; Depend on each other work as One Philips (Annual report, 2009). Since 1891, the foundation period, Philips Electronics has developed from producer of carbon filament lamps into a worldwide company having business in three large sectors as Healthcare, Lighting and Consumer Lifestyle (Philips, Global Web page). Over the years company has enriched its capacity by 35,000 Registered trademarks, 56,000 design rights, 48,000 patent rights, 3 incubators, 7 research laboratories spread over Europe, North America and Asia, 127 Production sites, 100 countries with sales and service outlets (Annual report, 2009). Besides company has been active in life of communities through its Social sustainability programs devoted to reduction of energy consumption of products and facilities, greener products to protect the environment, support to dialog on climate change and energy efficiency and healthcare at the communities (Annual report, 2009; Philips, Global web page). Overall, company has shown commitment in support of economic growth, environmental protection and social equity in the areas of operation. Established Quality System We have already indicated the impact of the changing customer requirements and technology development on competitive environment, making organizations to adopt necessary steps and techniques to be able to fit into the real picture and be able to satisfy customers and gain business profit. One of the philosophies being adopted in organizations as an outcome of the new idea of management and instructive principle and means for continuous improvement is Total Quality Management (TQM) (Chung et al., 2008, p.369). Knights and McCabe (1999, p.198) indicate the role of TQM in pulling continuous improvement throughout the organization being customer and process oriented, where Dean and Bowen (1994, cited in Knights and McCabe, 1999, p.198) enrich the description by highlighting three main principles of TQM, practices and techniques, teamwork and customer focus. Philips Electronics, not being different to most of the market players, also has been struggling for the comfortable place under the Sun to be able to earn profits from the huge business being carried out. During the decade of 1990s, Philips has gone trough reorganization of business, shaping the orientation, selling out some of the assets, as well as employee cut backs to strengthen its position in the markets (Oakland, 2003, p.456). Understanding the role of quality in the life of company and its stakeholders management has moved up with certification of ISO 9000 for process management and application of EFQM excellence model across the organization (Oakland, 2003, p.458). The model been worked out has been named as BEST, standing for Business Excellence through Speed and Teamwork, summarizing the value and drive for continuous improvement through the alignment of goals and strategy, improvement of business processes by incremental steps and breakthroughs, achieving the excellence in performance though accelerated learning linked to the development of competence and knowledge of employees from best practices both internal and external, raising capabilities within teams and departments (Oakland, 2003, p.458). One may ask why stress has been put on speed and teamwork? The management in Philips Electronics had clear view on the importance of timely implementation of the business processes, taking the non value adding waste off, reducing the cycle time and delivering business value, as well as the efficient teamwork, through sharing the best practices and knowledge, providing support to each other being the key in competitiveness over the rivals (Oakland, 2003, p.459). Hsu and Shen (2005, p.358) indicate the important role of people in TQM as off by employee contribution and involvement, understanding of what and how in implementation of TQM initiative and feedback, individuals take the responsibility on quality of their own work, hence maximizing the outcome and business excellence. People, employees of an organization present wealthy resource with skills, knowledge and experience in certain areas and organizations cannot force them to share the knowledge until favorable conditions, where each individual is willing to do so are created (Hsu and Shen, 2005, p.358). But when people are brought together and united in the teams under relevant condition and environment for teamwork, then continuous improvement towards the set up goals is easier through sharing and proper communication among team members. The teamwork and team spirit is one of the core values that big companies, including Philips Electronics trying to achieve through knowledge management initiative, as different cultures, backgrounds, languages spoken are best eliminated in the joint healthy teams, where people have one common goal of achieving the targets put ahead. As can be seen the BEST model adopted in Philips Electronics covers all the areas of TQM implementation starting form stakeholder satisfaction, process and strategy alignment to performance audits and actions. 2 Comparison: BEST, Excellence Model and TQM Many researchers have concluded the existing quality systems should complement each other to bring the desired result for continuous improvement. The statement by Adebanjo (2001, p.40) as business excellence and quality can and need to complement each other to provide organizations with the operational and business success they aspire to and which is necessary for survival in todays market has been shared and accepted by many. The idea has been proved throughout of many witnesses as off Wade (2000, cited in Adebanjo, 2001, p.39) state Excellence model by EFQM has the same basis principles as off TQM. Looking deep into the essence of the thought one may see the roots being similar, as off thrive for business excellence, quality of management, stakeholder satisfaction, competitiveness through better resource and process management, hence proving the point raised. Coming to the matter of BEST model adopted in Philips Electronics and its role in complementing the excellence model and quality system, I would like to draw attention to the main principles of BEST to verify the point. Ho (1999, p.87) states as part of TQM initiative organizations developing corporate culture where employees are treated as the most valuable asset, grouped in teams to bring wealth of knowledge and skills and that culture helps to achieve excellence. In BEST people are being accepted as source of knowledge and skills as well to bring wealth of experience and managing quality in each of the work being carried out. Oakland (2005, p.1056) indicates that members of an organization should work together, as off cooperation among the employees is key for quality improvement. Attention to people / teamwork within the BEST model can be compared to enablers in the excellence model and internal stake holder in TQM, as off value being provided by those. Also another point could be the emphasis given to relevant tools to be able to monitor and control the processes, and performance, identifying the gaps and addressing those within applicable framework, within BEST model. As noted by Van Schalkwyk, (1998, p.124) the performance measurement system highlights the organizational commitment to the principles of TQM evaluating different aspects of stakeholder satisfaction, company responsiveness and process efficiency. Enforcement of four step cycle PDCA (plan, do, check, act) to review the strategic and operational development; Balanced Business Scorecards (BBS) to monitor the result drivers and facilitate faster decision making; Process survey tools (PST) allow teams to asses the business processes and implement improvements; PBE assessment for evaluation against the EFQM excellence model to improve process enablers and results; where headquarter audit is used for peer evaluation of business management team in achievement of excellence (Oakland, 2003, p.460-62). Considering the abovementioned facts, I would agree that BEST is complementary to the excellence model and TQM. 3 bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd: Business Excellence Model Background bp is worldwide oil and gas company operating in Exploration, Midstream and Downstream. In Caspian basin it represented by bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd, operating in ACG and SD oil and gas fields as per Production Sharing Agreement signed back in 1994 (bp Caspian, web page). bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd has hierarchical organizational structure, with adopted quality system coordinating the collaboration. Operating Management System (OMS) is the bible of quality system of the company, presenting the BP Way, with all the relevant ISO 9001, ISO 14000 standards and process descriptions. Above-mentioned standards provide both process and environmental safety management framework, and applicable tools and techniques been established to be able to asses the performance of the company against the standards. Coming to the matter of people management, company has got staff handbook and Code of Conduct summary of behavioural culture managing the relations, staff development and problem solution. Over the years of operating in the Caspian basin the company has established good relations with stakeholders, communities and government institutions. bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd, has been keen on the continuous improvement and has gained new contracts and project in the area. BEST and quality system of  BP Exploration ltd As stated above bp as global oil and gas company has a history of operating 100 years dated back in 1909. Throughout the period the company has established, reengineered and re structured its organization and quality standards as well to come up with existing model. In this paragraph, BEST model by Philips Electronics and quality system by bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd., will be compared to identify the advantages and disadvantages of its adoption within bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd. Speaking on advantages of the Adoption of BEST model I may indicate EFQM excellence model for self assessment, which bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) lack of. Process survey Tools being utilised in Philips at the team level are being used in the mid managerial level, causing more bureaucracy to bring up the issues on to the desk. PBE assessment can be regarded as evaluation towards the BP Way of accepted standards to verify the deviations and put actions to correct. Other aspect being regarded as advantage can be the speed of decision making or process implementation, which sometimes takes longer in bp due to natural bureaucracy and internal procedures to be followed. However, this option can also be regarded as disadvantage taking the industries the companies operate the effect of wrong decisions will be far more disastrous in exploration industry, which has been witnessed in recent Gulf of Mexico incident (BBC News). The advantages shown above from application of BEST model into the existing quality system of bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd, can also be accepted as complementing factor for business excellence, model for better results and success of a company, contributing to the thought by Adebanjo (2001, p.40). The knowledge management in bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd., can be accepted as more developed than in Philips Electronics. The reason behind is oil and gas field has more specifics requirements and knowledge databases to be shared across the players with lessons learned and peer review on each of the subject area. The knowledge management provided in the industry covers all the players worldwide, which allows to capture and learn more and increases the quality of sharing. In this case the knowledge management suggested by BEST model can be considered as disadvantage. The rest of the model aspects are almost generic or similar to the internal process and procedures employed in bp Exploration, as off scorecard utilisation and data usage, benchmarking, auditing etc., so those have been dismissed from comparison. Conclusion In the project we have reviewed two different quality models been adopted in Philips Electronics and bp Exploration (Caspian Sea) ltd., identified their contribution to the preposition stated by Adebanjo (2001, p.40) and compared those mutually for identification of advantages and disadvantages if adopted in oil and gas industry. Overall TQM is considered to be a framework for organizations, being customized by all the adopters to fit their specific purposes, having the key idea of customer satisfaction and continuous improvement to be kept on top. How Are Laws Made In England And Wales? How Are Laws Made In England And Wales? Parliament of England and Wales is responsible for creation of law. Parliament has three parts House of Common, House of Lords and Monarch, who plays an essential role in law making process. Legislation or statutes passed by Parliament take the form of Acts of Parliament. Parliament can also delegate some power to ministers of crown, local authorities, semipublic organizations, court rule committees, and the Privy Council (Mary Charman, Bobby Vanstone 2008). Bill first transferred to the House of Common then it will go to the House of Lords for implementation of changes if required. Before making it a law, it is necessary that both houses should agree on bill. The formal process of law creation is divided into six parts. First reading (Reading means bill first read out in parliamentary chamber); it is the introduction stage of bill into the parliament so that MP should prepare for further discussion. Second reading, in this stage, Minister in charge of the bill should explain the aim and objective of bill then he gives the answers to the MP’s question regarding bill, if MP is satisfied with the bill then vote will be taken at the end. After sufficient approval bill can be forwarded to committee stage. In the Committee stage, bill can be explained in detail and examined by MP’s standing committee, who can also add amendments to the bill. Next at stage four i.e. the Report stage, MPs can suggest amendments and then votes are taken for amendments. Third reading, it is the last stage where bill can be studied as a whole and then forwarded to the other house for amendments. In the final stage i.e. Royal assent, bill has completed itsparliamentary process and ready to become a law. In old times, it was necessary to get signed consent by Queen but nowadays Queen merely signs her general consent (Mary Charman, Bobby Vanstone 2008). A new law should be clear and understandable, Statutory interpretation is the parliament’s responsibility to make a new law clear and easy to understand (Chynoweth 2002). Thus parliament has developed rules to assist them. These rules help people to understand the laws. Primary rules for statutory interpretation can be classified into three rules, first are Literal rule; in this rule courts should interpret the meaning of statute so that people can understand what message parliament want to convey. Second rule is Golden rule; which means when law has changed according to the literal rule and it gives an absurd result it means judge should change it and make it more clearly to people. Third rule is Mischief rule; this is the rule where court asked questions to the parliament about the law like what the intension of making this law, what mistake was held while explaining the law and what would be the solution for removing this error (Eskridge 1994). This is the last stage of whole law process. Case law is refers to the judicial decision of the court. When a case is published it is known as Law Report. Law reports comprise the statement of facts, legal arguments, judgment and judicial reasoning. Only a small percentage of ‘legally significant’ cases, usually from the superior courts, are ever reported. When case law is not published (unreported), it may be available as a transcript of the judgment, or as a newspaper article. Task Two Defining Contract Contract is an agreement,created by two or more than two parties having intention to create a legal relation, which has two elements; offer and acceptance made by competent person who have the capacity to change considerations(MacMillan Stone, 2012). In England and Wales, contract is a set of terms and conditions about the selling good for example terms of sale, price, item of good, and the date of completion. When an agreement is completed and monies paid, any issue related the agreement between two parties can be raised according to the contract law. Elements within the contract law are explained below: Offer A contract begins with an offer; offer can be defined as the intension to sell something or being in contract with someone, who can accept or reject offer, on particular terms and (MacMillan Stone 2012). An offer is a proposal to sell or buy goods and services under specific terms and conditions. It is a necessary element of a contract. Offer has different forms like, television, newspaper, radio, fax, email etc. For example, a shopkeeper is offering a watch worth 3,000 it means he want to sell that watch, it is an offer created by shopkeeper to people. People can accept that offer or negotiate for the amount or reject. Negotiation process has its own elements like, statement of intention, invitation to treat and request for information. Statement of intention is the instance when a person intends to do something but it is not necessary that he will do.For example,when business people use them for proposals and college applicants use them for acceptance into a college. Request for an information means when one party requested to the other party for information, it was not an offer for example, when one party wanted to know that what would be the lowest price that he would accept, then party telegraphed to second party. Invitation to treat is an invitation to make an offer but not an offer. For example, when shopkeepers offers buy one get one free deal then it was invitation to treat. If people visit the shop, they must give people two goods in the price of one. A counter offer is the offer where one party can reject original offer and makes new terms and condition which can be accepted or not by second party (Gerald and Kathleen Hill n.d.). In other words when a person is not satisfied with original offer then he can create counter offer in which he placed new terms and conditions which can another person accept or reject. For example, a seller is selling a vehicle. A buyer arrives and offers $10,000 for the car and to get a higher price, seller counteroffer, and asking for $11,000. Communication of offer An offer must be communicated. If there is lack of communication, agreement cannot be done because a contract is an agreed bargain, and therefore, without knowledge ofoffer agreement cannot be done. For example,A and B are sitting together.An offers his scooter for 5,000 to B. reach the ears of B, the offer of A is complete. Acceptance Acceptance is the second important element of contract where one party accepts the offer and get into the contract with specific terms and conditions created by first party (MacMillan Stone 2012). In other words when a person accepted all terms and conditions of offer given by person who created an offer, then it may consider as acceptance. The act of accepting the terms of offeror is called Acceptance. For example, when shopkeeper offers a watch worth 3,000 and buyer accepts the offer and purchase that watch at 3,000 it is called acceptance. Consideration A consideration can be defined as the responsibility of both the parties participated in contract, one who created an offer or second who is going to accept that offer (MacMillan Stone 2012). For example, if one party offers a watch worth $3,000 and second party accepted that offer then first party’s consideration is watch and second party’s consideration is $3000. Task Three Equal Pay Equal Pay Act 1970 is the act which is created due to the increasing discrimination between men and women in respect to their pay, output and other incentives. After coming into force this act decreases the discrimination between men and women. It has different scenarios:- Like work, is the scenario where men and women both are working similar nature of work, but women getting low pay as compare to the men. For example: a company employs male and female both for cleaning jobs and employer also gives some additional duties to man on occasionally basis like in rainy season etc., then female has the right to claim for equal pay if employer offers higher pay to male. Equivalent work, means giving equal importance to the jobs given to man and woman both. Employer cannot consider man’s work more important than woman if both are performing similar jobs. For example: Both man and woman is doing equal jobs in an organization but after job evaluation of both management gives 6 points to men and 4 points to woman. If woman found her job rated less than a man, then women have right to claim for equivalent work. Equal value of work means where woman’s skills and efforts valued less than man’s skills. For example, an employer creates a job description about skills, and qualification for a specific job. But for the same skills and qualification woman considered less than man by employer. In this situation woman has the right to claim for equal value of work. This act gives right to everyone to get equal pay but it cannot apply for the same sex. Man cannot claim for equal pay as compare to other man. He can claim when his skills considered less as compare to woman or vice versa. Conclusion Equal pay act1970has a significant effect on the pay of women in UK. There are many changes that one can see in the states of women employees.This equal pay act has increased the overall image of women at workplaceafter eliminating all the discriminations like lower pay unequal job evaluation etc. Task Four Equality Act 2010 Equality Act 2010 is the combination of different discrimination acts like equal pay, race, disability and sex discrimination and equality on the basis of religion. After combining all these acts a new act is created named Equality Act 2010 (Britain 2010). This act protects the rights of equality of people who are of different sex, race and age. This act also provides facilities to people who are suffering from disability and of different religion or belief. This law came into force in 2010 thus it is new for everyone. Researcher want to convey all the necessary information regarding this law as it has importance for every person (young, old, men, women, gay, lesbian, or bisexual) of England and Wales therefore researcher choose Equality Act 2010. Implications for employers and employees Equality act of 2010 replaces all previous acts from last 30 years. This act has many implications on employers as well as employees. After coming into force this act has helped employees and ordered employers to add different equality policies into their organization. For example, Dual discrimination: Dual discrimination means when a person is getting treated differentlyat workplace on the basis of two different features.This provision helps employees to avoid discrimination on the basis of dual characteristics, for example a black woman can claim for equality if she is discriminated on the basis of sex and race. Discrimination on the basis of disability: Disable people, who can be treated unfavorably at workplace, can claim for equality. Employer should use occupational health provider for these people. For example, employers now providing facility to those who are unable to walk or using wheelchair by installing a ramp. Equal pay or Sex discrimination: Employer should provide equal pay to everyone (man or woman) who is doing similar jobs. For example, employer now motivating women employers as well by providing them equal pay for similar jobs. Discrimination on the basis of religion or belief: Employers now providing different facility to different cultures employees for example, offering their traditional food, cloths, resident and allow them to follow their customs. Discrimination on the basis of age: Now employers offering equal pay to different age’s people for example, oil employee getting equal pay as compared to young employee. According to the news dated, May 23, 2014 in CIPD, an employee named Anderson who was working as the mayor of Liverpool was covered by discrimination law. In the Andersen V Chesterfield High School Case, in order to fulfill his public duties in local politics, Anderson extended his leave arrangements but when he became mayor his employer ended his leave arrangement and terminated his duties. Then Anderson claimed that his dismissal constituteddirect discrimination because of his belief, which was a philosophical commitment to public service for the common good. The employment tribunal examined whole situation and found that dismissal was unfair, because Anderson was neither consulted before termination nor was he given the right to appeal This case reflects the application of Equality Act 2010 for the protection of employees (Javaid, 2014). Conclusion Equality act 2010 has helped many people in England and Wales who sometimes feel discriminated against within the organization. This act included all the provisions of previous acts like act for discrimination on the basis of age, sex, disability, race, and region or belief. Employers after the introduction of Act have introduced policies to decrease discrimination in their organization. The policies are aimed at offering equal pay to those who are performing same job, providing facilities to disable employees, hiring employees from different religion or belief. This act makes UK fair and equal for all people. References Britain, G., 2010. Equality Act 2010, Part 15, Stationery Office. Available at: http://books.google.com/books?id=5yMQHVRN-loCpgis=1 [Accessed May 29, 2014]. Chynoweth, P., 2002. Statutory Interpretation. Matthew Adshead, p.1 to 10. Available at: http://www.lawlectures.co.uk/law1/Documents-Law1/Statutory-Interpretation(Study-Paper).pdf [Accessed May 23, 2014]. Eskridge, W.N., 1994. Dynamic Statutory Interpretation, Harvard University Press. Available at: http://books.google.com/books?id=Rl2BWejLa_ECpgis=1 [Accessed May 29, 2014]. Gerald and Kathleen Hill, Legal Dictionary | Law.com. Law.com. Available at: http://dictionary.law.com/Default.aspx?selected=376 [Accessed May 26, 2014]. MacMillan, C. Stone, R., 2012. Elements of the law of contract. Stewart House, p.1 to 245. Available at: http://www.londoninternational.ac.uk/sites/default/files/programme_resources/laws/ug_subject_guides/elements_law_contract-subjectguide4chapters.pdf [Accessed May 23, 2014]. Makbool Javaid, 2014. Belief in public service protected by Equality Act. Available at: http://www.cipd.co.uk/pm/peoplemanagement/b/weblog/archive/2014/05/23/belief-in-public-service-protected-by-equality-act.aspx [Accessed May 29, 2014]. Mary Charman, Bobby Vanstone, L.S., 2008. The British constitution, law reform and the parliamentary legislative process. In As law. p. 1 to 106. Available at: books.google.co.in/books?isbn=184392417X [Accessed May 23, 2014].

Aborigines and their Place In Politics :: social issues

Aborigines and their Place In Politics For much of their history, Australia ¡Ã‚ ¦s major parties did not perceive a need to have  ¡Ã‚ ¥Aboriginal affairs ¡Ã‚ ¦ policies, but this altered in the 1960s and 1970s as the Aboriginal interest came to occupy a more prominent position. The policies of recent major governments, those being the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and the Coalition, consisting of the Liberal Party and National Party, have changed drastically since the Federation of Australia. The approaches throughout history of these major parties will be discussed briefly in order to gain an understanding of the foundation of each party ¡Ã‚ ¦s beliefs and platforms in regards to Aborigines. The main political issues facing Aborigines in society today will be identified, and subsequently the main political parties approach and policies will be distinguished in relation to each issue. Finally, recent policies and legislation introduced by the main political parties will be introduced and discussed. From 1937, the approach of all governments was one of  ¡Ã‚ ¥assimilation ¡Ã‚ ¦, whereby Aborigines would submit to indoctrination in white ways before taking their place in the general Australian community. However, in time this policy came under intensifying attack on all sides, with critics claiming the policy denied these individuals of their Aboriginal culture, and enforced the notion of the superiority of the white culture. For a time,  ¡Ã‚ ¥integration ¡Ã‚ ¦ became a policy of the Commonwealth, though it was hard to identify the distinction between  ¡Ã‚ ¥assimilation ¡Ã‚ ¦ and  ¡Ã‚ ¥integration ¡Ã‚ ¦. As attitudes changed, State governments began to amend many of the laws that denied Aborigines equality with whites. In 1967, all parties maintained the proposed Constitutional amendment. Although attitudes had begun to change, little had been done to encroach such altered attitudes in definite government policies. The Labor Party made the most positive pitch for these interests, and at its 1971 Federal Conference, Gough Whitlam led the party into conceiving the most detailed Aboriginal affairs policy yet adopted up until this period, by a major party. This called for the establishment of a full Aboriginal affairs department. Whitlam guaranteed that a Labor government would not falter to override any State laws  ¡Ã‚ ¥which discriminated against Aborigines, or which supervised Aborigines, or which reduced the opportunities for Aborigines to conduct themselves as they wished ¡Ã‚ ¦. Shifting aside  ¡Ã‚ ¥assimilation ¡Ã‚ ¦ and  ¡Ã‚ ¥integration ¡Ã‚ ¦, Labor adopted  ¡Ã‚ ¥self-determination ¡Ã‚ ¦, a policy which spoke of Aborigines ultimately being able to  ¡Ã‚ ¥decide the pace and nature of their future development ¡Ã‚ ¦, where they would  ¡Ã‚ ¥take a real and effective responsibility for their own affairs ¡Ã ‚ ¦.

Federal Agency Security Practices (FASP) Essay

Network Perimeter Security Policy – Computer Security Resource †¦ csrc.nist.gov/†¦/network_security/ipdmms-perimeter-security.d†¦File Format: Microsoft Word – Quick View The Department Interim Network Perimeter Security Standard (INPSS) specifies the †¦ NIST Special Publication 800-18, Guide for Developing Security Plans for †¦ The firewall will be configured using Industry â€Å"best practices† including but not †¦ [PDF] NIST SP 800-97, Establishing Wireless Robust Security Networks: A †¦ csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-97/SP800-97.pdfFile Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat by S Frankel – Cited by 25 – Related articles  entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the †¦.. WLAN Security Best Practices †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8-1 †¦ Learn from NIST: Best practices in security program management searchsecurity.techtarget.com/†¦/Learn-from-NIST-Best-practi†¦ This tip gives best practices for implementing such mandates and others. †¦ challenges behind operational integration of security and network management. NIST Updates Computer Security Guides – Government – Security – www.informationweek.com/†¦/security/nist†¦security†¦/24000†¦Jul 30, 2012 – Guidelines focus on wireless security and protecting mobile devices †¦ how federal agencies and businesses can deal with network attacks and malware. †¦ revised to reflect the latest in security best practices: NIST’s Guide to †¦ The Best Guides for Information Security Management www.crypt.gen.nz/papers/infosec_guides.htmlA list of the best guides available online for Information Security Managment. †¦ NIST SP800-48 Wireless Network Security (802.11, Bluetooth, and Handheld †¦ Why do systems administrators need to use guides, practices, and checklists? US-CERT: Control Systems – Standards and References www.us-cert.gov/control_systems/csstandards.htmlCyber Security Policy Planning and Preparation; Establishing Network †¦ NIST SP 800-53 Rev 3, Recommended Security Controls for Federal †¦. Rakaczky, E. â€Å"Intrusion Insights Best Practices for Control System Security,† July 2005. Catalog of †¦ Cyber security standards – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber_security_standards1 History; 2 ISO 27002; 3 Standard of good practice; 4 NERC; 5 NIST; 6 ISO 15408 †¦ provide network security administration while still supporting best practice †¦ ICT Security Standards Roadmap – Part 5 www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/ict/part05.htmlJun 6, 2011 – The following work on best practices has so far been identified for inclusion in this section †¦ European Network and Information Security Agency †¦ 800-12 An Introduction to Computer Security: The NIST Handbook  · 800-100 †¦

How did William Byrd understand his role in Virginia society essays

How did William Byrd understand his role in Virginia society essays Byrd was a man active in the political processes of Virginia. From this portion of his diary we learn that he was a statesman and served as a member of the Council of Virginia. Undoubtedly he was a highly educated man, a wealthy man and was extremely religious, and he used this attributes to establish his role in society. Byrds diary reveals that as a political man he was at top of his class. As one reads deeper into his diary, it can be found that he is in constant communication with elite men in his society. Everything from his frequent visits to the President of the Council, to his meetings with the governor of Virginia show that William Byrd felt that we was an elite man in society who was well respected by his class and subordinates. This respect can be seen in several instanced were he was sought after for advice. Many neighbors would come to Byrd to speak of their financial difficulties, ask for advice and in some cases Byrd would give out loans to certain friends in this situation. In terms of Government, William Byrd sat on the Council and held great powers. His role in the Council was that of a basic judge who gave his opinion on many issues from civil disputes to criminal charges as extreme as murder. Later on we begin to learn of his powerful role in the dividing border line between Virginia and Carolina. His powers in government consisted of paying the other Council men and discussing the day to day problems in the community with his fellow Council men. It can also be seen that Byrd is looked to as an elite man with a wide range of skills that are noted by his appointment to the Colonel of several Militias. William felt that he had a great deal of power in society, and to some extent he abused this power that he had. One characteristic in which we abused his power was his view on women in his society and his tendencies towards them. In one case Byrd sexually harassed Mrs. Chriswell, who was...

Pell Grant Limits How Much Can You Get in Your Lifetime

Pell Grant Limits How Much Can You Get in Your Lifetime SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Federal Pell Grants are great resources for students who could use more help paying for school. Like all good things, though, there are some restrictions and rules around how you can use a Pell Grant. In this post, I'll explain: Exactly how much you can get from your Pell Grant Eligibility restrictions Limits on how you can use Pell Grant money Financial Limits: What's the Most You Can Get? As you may have expected, there is a maximum annual Pell Grant award amount ("What is the Pell Grant Amount? What is the Maximum Award?"). For the 2015-2016 academic year, the most you could receive if you're a full-time student is $5775.What you might not have expected is that there is also a minimum Pell Grant award amount: again for the 2015-2016 academic year, the least you could receive if you're awarded the grant is $600. In addition to annual maximum and minimum award amount,there's also a lifetime award maximum. Every year that you apply for the Pell Grant via the FAFSA(see "How to Submit a Pell Grant Application,"coming soon), you'll be eligible for a particular amount of money. Your lifetime maximum is equal to600% of your yearly eligibility, or about 6 years' worth of grant funding. Let's go over some examples to further explain what I mean: Student A Applies for the Pell Grant for her freshman year, and is eligible to receive$5,000 in funding. She only attends school in the fall semester, though, so she only has to pay for half a year of school. As a result, she only gets $2,500, or 50%, of the annual grant money that she was eligible for. Student A can apply for the Pell Grant the next year, and she still has 550% of her lifetime max (600%) available to her. Student B Wasn't eligible for the Pell Grant his freshman, sophomore, or junior year. His family's financial situation changes his senior year when he applies for the grant, and he is glad to find out he's eligible for $1,000 in funding. All of that money goes towards paying his tuition. Student B used 100% of the annual grant money that he was eligible for, so he has 500% of his lifetime max (600%) available to him. Student B graduates at the end of his senior year; even though he didn't meet his lifetime max, he's not eligible for the Pell Grant anymore because he received his bachelor's degree. You might have noticed that this lifetime limit seems a little high. If you go to school for your bachelor's degree, it should only take you 4 years, or 400% of your lifetimemax; unless there are special circumstances that prevent you from graduating within 4 years, you likelywon't have to worry about this lifetimelimit. The more you know about financial aid, the more you can talk yourself out of feeling like this. Eligibility Restrictions Along with the financial limits above, there are also eligibility restrictions that can disqualify you from getting a Pell Grant. I've broken this section up into two main parts: family financial eligibility, and student eligibility. What about family income limits for Pell Grant eligibility? So there are family financial limits for eligibility, but they're a bit more complicated than an arbitrary income cutoff. Eligibility limits for the Pell Grant are based on your family's Expected Family Contribution (EFC).Your EFC is generated when you submit your FAFSA ("How to Submit a Pell Grant Application," coming soon). If you want to estimate your EFC before you go through all the trouble of submitting your FAFSA, you can get more information here ("What is the Pell Grant Amount? What is the Maximum Award?" coming soon). If your EFC is at or below $5081 for the 2015-2016 academic year, you will bewithin the family income limits for the Pell Grant. If you meet all the other eligibility requirements, you will receive some grant money (so, between $600-$5775). By using your EFC, you can estimate about how much Pell Grant money you may be eligible for ("Pell Grant Calculator" coming soon). Are there restrictions on what type of student can get the Pell Grant? The short answer is: yes. You can read more about eligibility criteria for the Pell Grant here ("Pell Grant Eligibility and Requirements: Do you qualify?" coming soon). In a nutshell, the Pell Grant is meant primarily for low-income students who have a high school diploma or GED, but don't have a post-secondary degree (so, a bachelor's or vocational degree). If you don't demonstrate enough financial need, or if you already have a post-secondary degree, you likely won't qualify. There is no age limit to receive the Pell Grant. It's open to people who need help funding their education at any age. Limits to using your Pell Grant money There are two logistical parameters you should be aware of if you would like to apply for a Pell Grant: there are restrictions on where and how you can spend your Pell Grant money. Where You Spend Your Pell Grant When you apply to colleges or to vocational programs, make sure they participate in the Pell Grant program. The good news is that most legitimate colleges participate; if you want to confirm, simply call the financial aid office. How to Spend Your Pell Grant In many cases,the grant money won't even be paid directly to you; it will go straight to your school. Your school will then apply the grant money to charges on your account (e.g.tuition, room, and board charges). There may be differences in how schools process federal financial aid, though, so you can contact your financial aid office if you have further questions. In some circumstances, there may be leftover grant money after your schoolpays itself. If there is leftover money, it will be passed on to you in the form of a refund. There are restrictions on how you can use this refund money.It's meant to cover school-related expenses, including: Books Lab supplies Transportation expenses (including gas or a bus pass, but NOT includinga car) Even food! These usage restrictions are pretty serious because the Pell Grant is a federally funded program. Even though it may be tempting to use refund money for, shall we say, more fun activities, be careful about using it for legitimate expenses. Perfectly sharpened colored pencils definitely count as legitimate school supplies. One Final Note About Pell Grant Limits ... If you're awarded the Pell Grant, it's super important that you stay on top of maintaining your academic performance in college. If your academic performance is deemed "unsatisfactory" (e.g. if you are failing out of your classes), you may lose eligibility for any type of federal aid, including the Pell Grant. If you're concerned that your grades are slipping and you may lose eligibility, the best thing to do is to set up a meeting with a school administrator, like your dean. What's next? The Pell Grant isn't the only source of financial aid for aspiring college grads. If you get awesome SAT scores, you could also get awesome scholarship money. Too late to bring up your SAT scores? No problem! By doing well in school, you could help yourself pay your way through. It's a win-win! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Police and Ethical duties to apprehend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Police and Ethical duties to apprehend - Essay Example In keeping with the Queensland, Australia Police code of ethics, I am responsible for being fair. I am also obligated to comply with the law strictly. This is a difficult scenario as everyone has an excuse for their behavior. The elderly man may claim to need the marijuana for medicinal purposes but that is not the point. The issue at and is that he is in possession of an illegal substance and it is my job to apprehend him according to the law. I will have no choice but to take him into custody and from there, investigation of his doctor’s orders and prescription can be assessed. If I do not apprehend the man, I am abiding perhaps by the portion of the ethics code that instructs law enforcement officials to be fair. If I however, do apprehend the man, I am abiding by the letter of the law which is my duty. I would apply the SELF test to this situation and ask myself first if the decision to apprehend the man would withstand â€Å"scrutiny† from the community and the service? I fell that if I apprehend the man, I will receive less scrutiny than if I do not apprehend the man. The Australian drug laws are rigid and very clearly have no tolerance for possession. If the marijuana is given to the man by a doctor, that can be established later. For now, the right decision is apprehension of the man in possession of marijuana without regard to his age. Next I will need to ask myself if my decision will â€Å"ensure† compliance with the oath that I took as a member of the police. I feel that my decision to apprehend would surely comply with that oath as I am to uphold the law and the law states that marijuana is illegal. If I do not apprehend the man, I feel that my decision would not â€Å"ensure† such compliance. Next, the question is whether or not my decision is in fact â€Å"lawful†. It is clearly illegal to have marijuana on one’s possession. Regardless of the reason

WESTERN CIVILIZATION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT (foundations of the study Term Paper

WESTERN CIVILIZATION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT (foundations of the study of human development) - Term Paper Example that have provided a logical manner of inquiry, the humanities which are an avenue of expression of the mind and aesthetic judgement, philosophy as a guiding standard with reason. At the same time, all of them will be assessed in relation as to how nature and nurture relates to the following and alters the conditioning of mind and the human activity. All of these points are the ones that shall be engaged and discussed. At the same time, these will be applied in relation to my experiences. On the other hand, as I explore the intricacies of the matters at hand in these paper, I will be providing commendable counter – arguments that can devalue the assertions made. In this case, I shall make a conflicting condition between nature and nurture to set the issue straight. I shall also provide a synthesis between the clashes that will emerge in this paper. This is important to fully emphasize the historical development and theoretical application of the developed and created notions about human nature in general and a specific sense. There will also be importance in construction assumptions in a logical manner. In this scenario, scientific and biological inquiry plays an important role to see how one acts accordingly to inherent prescriptions. In the development of knowledge in the Western World, scientific queries have been made about evolution of humans and ended proposing that evolution is a natural process (Menand 2002). This has been considered to be true and normalized in the consciousness of the people in the current time. Analytically, one develops accordingly to his or her own innate capacities that allow evolution to take place. Darwin has emphasized that evolution is something that happened to humans all throughout the course of time and of history, which inevitably true in a biological sense (Menand 2002). How is this manifested? The body itself is the one that undergoes development in all aspects possible. In my case, there is a development process that

Egypt's culture Effects on the facade of theAbu Simbel Temple in 12th Research Paper

Egypt's culture Effects on the facade of theAbu Simbel Temple in 12th Century to 15th Century - Research Paper Example The main aim of erecting this temple was basically for impressing the southern neighbors in the southern part of Egypt and also maintaining and reinforcing the religion of the Egyptians. The Egyptian culture was a main influence to this temple. This can be seen from the fact that all the architectural structure that came out Abu Simbel was linked to the cultural context of the Egyptians. This paper will therefore, describe the architectural structure of this temple and how the culture of the Egyptians affected its facade between the 12th to the 15th century through a description of the sculptures and their meanings (Bulliet et al 59). The architectural structure of the temple The architecture of this temple was mainly built with the commemoration of the reigning king of Egypt during this period. It is made up of the pharaoh’s statue that is twenty meters in length containing a double and Atef crown of both the lower and the Upper Egypt. The temple is thirty five meters wide an d at the top, it contains those who worship the sun at the entrance and twenty two baboons. The statues that are colossal in nature were sculptured from the rock directly, a place where the temple existed before it being moved (Langmead et al 23). The statues have been curved to portray the power of the Ramesses II who sits on the throne and is wearing crown that is double in nature hence, the impact that he is the ruler of both the lower and the Upper Egypt. Next to the statue depicting pharaoh, there are the statues that have been made not to go higher than the pharaoh’s knees. These are the statues that were used to depict the wife of pharaoh, the mother queen and the first two sons of pharaoh and his six daughters (Langmead et al 23). At the entrance of the temple, there exists bas relief that is meant to represent two images that portray the king worshipping Ra Harakhti, falcon headed. Ra Harakhti statue is presented in a large niche. The statue of the god holds a feathe r found in the right hand and the goddess who is believed to be the in charge of justice and truth. This facade has at its top twenty two baboons in a row having their arms raised up in the air. This is a sign of these baboons worshipping the sun rising up. In addition, there is a notable feature of the stele facade which indicates the marriage of Ramesses in relationship to the king’s daughters. This is a sign of sealing of peace amongst the Hittites and the Egyptians (Langmead et al 23). At the inside of the temple, there exists a triangular layout that up to date; most of the temples in Egypt have followed. The structure of the rooms has been made to decrease in size as one enters the entrance into the sanctuary. The temple has many chambers at its sides hence, the complexity. The hypostyle hall is eighteen meters lengthwise and has a width of sixteen meters. It is supported by Osiris pillars that are eight in number and these pillars depict the Ramses relationship with th e god of underworld. This has been used to demonstrate that, the pharaoh has an everlasting nature (Lazzari et al 385). At the left hand of the wall, there exists a statue with a white crown, which is depicting the upper part of Egypt, while the statues at the opposite side have double crown which have been used to demonstrate the double crown that the Lower Egypt has. The bas reliefs found to be located on the walls have

Domestic violence against women Essay Example for Free

Domestic violence against women Essay Among the different causes of injury to women, domestic violence tops the list, ahead of other causes such as rapes, mugging or even car accidents. According to recent reports by the CDC, there is an abuse of about 15 million children and women annually. Domestic violence lowers human dignity, and therefore, the whole world should come out and condemn it in the strongest terms possible. Many people argue that the women, who are mostly the victims of domestic violence, should also not keep silent about it to protect their spouses, but rather report them to the relevant authorities for the appropriate actions to be taken against the perpetrators. However, that would not be a complete solution to the problem. As a matter of fact, it puts the woman in more danger of a violent attack or even murder, should the man get freed, because they are likely to revenge the actions of the woman through violence. To solve the problem of domestic violence, the procedure has to begin from childhood. The children should be taught how to relate to others in a relationship from a young age at home. But the problem is that domestic violence begins at home, and the children who grow in families with regular violence, are likely to behave the same way in future, to their own families. Therefore, these lessons should be taught at school. Besides teaching our kids about science, mathematics, languages, and technology alone, they should also be taught about relationship skills. This helps them to understand the importance of love and the dignity of humans, deterring them from getting involved in domestic violence in the future. This can be a very effective way of dealing with domestic violence. Let us face it, is almost impossible to rehabilitate domestic violence offenders so that they can live peacefully with their families. Statistics indicate that perpetrators of domestic savagery have repeated the act more than once, and continue to threaten the victim of assault, should they dare counteract. Therefore, teaching a child early enough about relationship skills can be very beneficial to them in future, as they will have the knowledge to understand conflicting situations; making the right decisions and taking the right actions concerning them. The children should also not be exposed to a situation of domestic violence, and those in families with such problems should better be raised away from such an environment. We all have the power and ability to influence a stop to domestic violence. We need to speak about it openly, rather than hiding it. Many people suffer every day from domestic violence, but they are afraid to let it known to people because they fear revenge from the offenders. They are also made to feel that they are at fault for their suffrage. And people will always ask why they do not just walk out of the relationship, without considering the possible consequences they might suffer. Many victims who have broken their relationships because of domestic violence have ended up getting killed by their ex-boyfriends or husbands. There is also stalking of the victims, after they move on, or get married by other people. Therefore, we just ought to make a change, starting with ourselves, in respecting our relationships and our partners. Teaching our children early about relationship skills and raising them in a violence-free environment will in future give rise to a new generation of nonviolent husbands and wives. This is possible if we commit ourselves to making it happen. According to recent researches, children raised in families with domestic violence are more likely to be violent in future to their partners, than the children raised in nonviolent families. This implies that when the children grow up, they develop the characters that they were exposed to. Domestic violence can only thrive when we are silent about it, but when we all team up together to eliminate it, it can no longer be a subject of discussion. It is never late to act against a problem, and similarly, there is much that we can do right now and long into the future, concerning domestic violence. We can start by raising awareness about the issue and letting our family and friends know that we never will tolerate domestic violence and that they should stand together with us in its fight. There also are programs that have been formed to combat domestic violence, which we can support, in order to continue with the efforts of ending the matter in the long run. A difference can only be made when we stand together.

The State of Being ‘Human’ in Kanes Blasted Essay -- Literary Analysi

â€Å"I’ve only ever written to escape from hell-and it’s never worked-but at the other end of it when you sit there and watch something and think that’s the most perfect expression of the hell that I felt then maybe it was worth it. (Sarah Kane, Royal Holloway College, London, 3 November 1998).† (Saunders. 2002: 1). Both representative and reflected in this statement made by the British playwright Sarah Kane (1971-1999) (Sierz. 2001: 90-91) is the state of being human. In its literal sense the state of being human could be illustrated as an expression of existence. That of the individual and characteristics and traits experienced through the life of mortal man. (Oxford English Dictionary. 2006: 61 & 366). In addition to this, the associated meaning with the word ‘tested’ suggests ‘a difficult situation that reveals the strength or quality of someone or something.’ (Oxford English Dictionary. 2006: 785). When defined in t hese terms, this then opens up the question to how an expression of human-existence is revealed under pressure in Sarah Kane’s play Blasted (1995). The twentieth century British playwright Sarah Kane’s (1971-1999) first and sensational drama Blasted opened in the Royal Court Theatre Upstairs, London, in January 1995. (Saunders. 2002: 2). From the outset Kane’s play stirred much controversy within the media. The title itself had a great impact upon its audience, as blasted through its formed meaning and literal association is a term ‘expressing annoyance.’ (Oxford English Dictionary. 2006: 70). As stated by the British theatre critic Aleks Sierz, Kane’s Blasted is â€Å"a shocking play whose raw language and powerful images of rape, eye-gouging and cannibalism provoked critical outrage†¦Kane exploded theatri... ...tp://www.robertsilverstone.com/wp-content/articles/Art_of_Being_Human_Part1.pdf. [Accessed 21st April 2012] Stephens, S. (2010) Sarah Kane’s debut play Blasted returns. [On-line] Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2010/oct/24/sarah-kane-blasted. [Accessed 21st April 2012] The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, (2009) War. [On-line] Available from: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/war. [Accessed 21st April 2012] The Guardian, (2005) ‘Suicide art? She’s better than that.’ [On-line] Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2005/oct/12/theatre. [Accessed 21st April 2012] Wixson, C. (2005) â€Å"In Better Places†: Space, Identity, and Alienation in Sarah Kane’s Blasted. [On-line] Available from: http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy.falmouth.ac.uk/journals/comparative_drama/summary/v039/39.1.wixson.html. [Accessed 19th April 2012]